Bipolar disorder, also known as bipolar affective disorder, manic-depressive illness, or affective psychosis, is a mental illness characterized by periods of elevated mood and periods of depression. The elevated mood is significant and is known as mania or hypomania, depending on the severity.
Bipolar disorder is characterized by alternating mood episodes:
Symptoms vary in severity and duration. Episodes can disrupt daily life, relationships, and work, making timely diagnosis and treatment essential.
Treatment commonly includes psychotherapy and medications such as mood stabilizers or antipsychotics. Common mood stabilizers include lithium and anticonvulsants. Electroconvulsive therapy may be helpful in those who do not respond to other treatments.
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